Benefits of Family Counseling Essay Example for Free

Advantages of Family Counseling Essay This is an entirely questionable proclamation, and there are numerous purposes behind it to be. I accept that the purposes behind family guiding totally out weight the reasons why a few families shouldn’t take an interest in it. Family advising is frequently taken a gander at as an apparatus to assist families with issues, yet guiding can be useful to everybody. Instructors attempt to help with all situations of life, work, school, companions, and so forth. Regardless of whether you are a quite adjusted individual you can in any case get tips from an expert, whether your family has experienced a significant unrest, or could basically pick up from refining their relational abilities with one another. Directing can be an approach to help everybody in a family. Treatment for youngsters just as guardians can help decrease a wide range of worries for everybody included. Significant maltreatment, little contentions, just as general venting would all be able to be tended to in a more quiet, calmer air. These are only a couple of reasons why each family ought to go to directing. By going to advising it can assist kids with figuring out how to manage predicament, fortify correspondence, and beat contrasts. We as a whole need to confront hindrances in our lives and some of them can be quite intense. To show kids, through puberty to adulthood, aptitudes to manage predicament could mean the distinction and challenges in what number of school graduates there are, what number of conquer neediness, and how families are in a safe cherishing condition. Instructing youth to confront their troubles as opposed to running or stopping is profoundly significant, and ought to be one of the stressed pieces of school. In our general public numerous individuals imagine that if things are hard for them, clearly it isn't something that they ought to do. I feel that with the direction and some encouraging feedback that individuals can figure out how to conquer their troubles. Being in another circumstance or learning new aptitudes is difficult and everybody battles. Since we permit adolescents to stop, numerous youthful grown-ups choose not to go to school. They regularly feel that since they didn’t do well in secondary school would be excessively troublesome. With guardians and an expert both helping children to conquer challenges at an early age it will impart inside them that hindrances are only a piece of life that they need to survive; stopping isn't an alternative. Ordinarily kids figure out how to manage contrasts from their folks or others around them. A great deal of guardians shout and show outrage when they are frantic at their companion or their chief, or even their kids. Kid's shows regularly manage issues through savagery and instructors even shout at kids. The entirety of this instructs kids that it is alright to act with outrage and viciousness, and that these are answers for their issues. At that point guardians get frantic at them for copying them and their condition, and afterward what occurs? More often than not guardians show more displeasure, hollering, and here and there use savagery to address them. With the entirety of this, I accept that it’d be ideal to have an expert assistance guardians so as to show them the correct method of training without hostility, and to assist youngsters with learning the correct method of taking care of their ordinary issues. Correspondence and order issues among guardians and youngsters are normal and can prompt conjugal issues too. Separation and the production of stepfamilies additionally make challenges. Regularly, the accomplices themselves are the issue in view of poor correspondence, constant clash, sexual issues or even in-law issues. In the event that a low salary mother and kid had guiding how would you figure it would influence them? I feel that not exclusively would the kid profit by it, yet it might even show the mother what is feasible for her: a superior activity, how to locate a more grounded progressively secure relationship, and how to show her kid. The kid would learn abilities, and thusly, set objectives for future accomplishments. With the assistance of an advocate and an all around showed mother, the likelihood of the youngster may doing wrongdoing, selling or utilizing drugs, taking an interest in a posse, or living in jail, is essentially lower. Reinforcing relational abilities is additionally significant, frequently time teenagers can be to out spoken and not think before they state something that can offend . Different occasions youngsters can be truly modest and not open up to anybody. Relational abilities are principal, and ought to be taken a shot at. Correspondence is an expertise that should be dealt with all through life in light of the fact that in various conditions distinctive relational abilities will be required. The greatest negative about family guiding is the expense. There would most likely be families or certain individuals in the family that didn't contribute in the experience, which implies that the directing would have practically no impact on their lives. Another drawback is that it is conceivable in the earth to concentrate on one individual and censure them for certain family issues. I am certain that there are different negatives about family directing yet as I would see it nothing extremely noteworthy. I imagine that the legislature can utilize add to tutoring charge dollars and utilize some of it for this program. In any case if all families and all relatives utilize the program to profit, I think numerous individuals Family advising identifies with the accounts from numerous points of view. A portion of the families experience a passing, others have guardians get separated, or youngsters getting pregnant and having an infant. I figure guiding could help with these major passionate bothers, and furthermore help with the regular issues that a portion of different stories experience too. The account speak to only a couple of individuals in our general public, however I accept that they, as the vast majority, could utilize somewhat more direction to remain on a steady, fruitful way with solid connections and a positive knowing confidence in themselves. I figure this program ought to be monetarily bolstered from the legislature. It should turn into a law in which I think will at last safeguard our privileges and freewill. Laws are being breathed easy that contention with our constitution and with wrongdoing and dread spreading epidemically it’s simply a question of time before most residents will give the legislature unlimited authority so as to stop the tumult. The establishment of this nation is disintegrating and I think the time has come to fortify it, with the goal that we can keep on following the way we had always wanted, and not fall like each extraordinary realm previously. I accept to remain as a free nation, and a prosperous country thing need to change, in certainty numerous things will presumably need to change. I think my concept of an expert managing both, guardians to bring up their children and to help lead children to beat troubles is a decent beginning spot for a critical change in this nation. I imagine that guiding could help with each family, regardless of whether it is simply to unite them. Regardless of whether it is a steady family, or a family with stepparents and stepsiblings, that need to discover that these individuals are presently somebody that is going to consistently be near, and are in a similar circumstance. They can gain from each other and turn out to be close similar to genuine family. From family directing our general public possibly better instructed, progressively mindful, less brutal, increasingly trustworthy, and have a more grounded feeling of having a place. Advantages of Family Counseling. (2018, Oct 24).

Abramski vs. United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abramski versus US - Research Paper Example It ought to be noticed that it is at this weapon store at Pennsylvania that the weapon was moved to the uncle after he (the uncle) effectively passed the government record verification for the gun position. Neither the two were disallowed by the law to have a gun (Abramski v. US, 2013). Truth be told, before Abramski purchased the firearm, he asked the legitimateness of the procedure he proposed to follow to buy the weapon for his uncle three governmentally authorized sellers who determine for him that the expected deal was lawful. In any case, since Abramski purchased the gun from a vendor authorized by the government, he needed to fill a shaped showed that he was the â€Å"actual buyer.† Nonetheless, the ATF asserted that his uncle was the â€Å"actual buyer† and with this impact, Abramski offered a bogus expression by rounding out the gun buy structure; thus, Abramski was sentenced for crime. From the realities above, it is apparent that neither Abramski nor his uncl e was denied from purchasing a gun for another readable client or having a firearm. Moreover, the exchange of the gun being referred to between the two followed a due strategy; hence, Abramski was unduly indicted for the buy and move of the firearm to his uncle. In this manner, following the conviction, the accompanying concerns should be tended to. 1. Is a weapon buyer’s expectation to offer the gun to another purchaser a â€Å"material fact† under 18 U.S.C.  § 922(a) (b), a gun divulgence rule? 2. Is a governmentally authorized guns seller required to keep data with respect to a purchaser’s aim to offer a gun to someone else? Responses to the above worries in the request for posting It is important that the government law illegalizes an individual purchasing of a weapon from a governmentally authorized seller â€Å"knowingly to make any bogus or imaginary oral or composed explanation †¦ proposed or prone to misdirect †¦ concerning any reality material to the legality of the deal †¦.† 18 U.S.C.  § 922(a) (6). Remarkably, this is the arrangement of the central government that it uses to indict the â€Å"straw purchases†. This arrangement disallows an individual (the â€Å"straw purchaser†) from purchasing a gun on carry on of someone else (the â€Å"actual buyer†). As indicated by the administration, this procedure might be a move that might be utilized real purchaser to acquire a gun regardless of whether the genuine purchaser is lawfully prevented from purchasing the equivalent. It ought to be noticed that the treatment of the last proprietor of the gun as the real purchaser and buyer as a â€Å"straw man† are precept made by the court. As indicated by the court, a buyer’s goal is to exchange the weapon to another client who can't buy the equivalent legitimately and this adds to a reality â€Å"material to legitimateness of the sale.† However, the fourth and 6th just as the eleventh circuit are isolated from the fifth and ninth circuits that attempt to decide if extreme proprietor of the gun can lawfully purchase a firearm. Quite, the law court finished up this case the genuine buyer’s character is material paying little heed to lawfulness of an individual who can purchase the weapon or note. At the end of the day, under  § 922(a) (6), the character of gun buyer is normally consistent or is material paying little mind to the legality of the genuine buyer of the gun. Joining the impacts or comprehension of these arrangements, the laws in this way directs the terms of deals may change contingent upon the buys personality; subsequently, the buyer staying material to the legitimateness with gun deal doesn't exist for this situation. The abovementioned

Employers Organisations and the State in Nigeria - Free Essay Example

AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYERS’ ORGANIZATIONS AND THE STATE IN NIGERIA BY ANYIAM, IJEOMA LUCRETIA DECEMBER 2009 INTRODUCTION According to J. T. Dunlop (1958), an industrial relations system is comprised of the following actors: * A hierarchy of managers and their representatives in supervision (or employers and their associations) * A hierarchy of workers and any spokesmen (the workers and their unions), and * Specialized government agencies (or the state) concerned with workers, employers and their relationships. Employer’s Organizations Employer’s organizations as one of the participants in industrial relations developed quite late in Nigeria, in comparison with the workers’ unions. According to Yesufu (1962), in 1954, there were only 8 employers’ organizations in Nigeria dealing manly with regulating trade practices and services rather than collective bargaining and negotiations. This slow development were largely as a result of the slow growth of industries then, the failure of trade unions to galvanise the employers to relate seriously with them, and the government policies that were not encouraging. Although the Trade Union Act of 1973 defined a trade union as ‘a combination of workers or employers’, it was actually the 1978 Trade Union (Amendment) Act, which galvanised them into action by actually recognizing 9 employers’ organization for purposes of relating with workers and the state in industrial matters. One of the major reasons for formation and recognition of employers’ organizations is for them to have a common platform for containing trade nions, maintaining good industrial relations by educating members on the benefits of good employer-employee relations, designing and formulating policies relating to wages and salary administration, and influencing public policy. The most notable employers’ organizations in Nigeria today include: * The Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association (NECA) * The Manufacturers’ Association of Nigeria (MAN) The Nigeria Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA) * The Association of Food, Beverages and Tobacco Employers (AFBTE) * Road Transport Employers Association of Nigeria (RTEAN) NECA relates with the state on the following issues: * On industrial relations matters, to ensure peaceful industrial relations climate * Representation of Nigeria at the International Labour Organisation * It sometimes opposes government laws that would likely negatively affect its members * Provision of suggestions to the state on economic reforms e. . pensions and minimum wage * Serves on various committees, boards and agencies of the state NACCIMA relates with the state as follows: * Specifically on trading and commercial matters * Advises the state on matters affecting the general economy and business * Promotion of commercial and economic cooperation between Nigeria and the international business community * Serves on state boards and agencies MAN relates with the State in the following areas: * Production and manufacturing matters Monetary policies such as pressures for reduction of loan interest rates * Fiscal policies geared toward reduction of prohibitive taxes and import duties * Policy advocacy aimed at protection of small and infant industries * Representation on state boards e. g. Corporate Affairs Commission, NEPZA, etc THE STATE The state is both an employer and the institution that makes laws to regulate the activities of everyone else in the industrial system. As the third actor in industrial relations, and for national interest, the state regulates the relationships in the industry. The state also makes directive principles and state policies indicative of the obligations and responsibilities that the state should keep in focus while enacting laws and formulating policies, and these include: i) To fix certain social and economic goals for immediate attainment ii) To bring about a non-violent socio-economic revolution iii) To fulfil the basic need of the common citizen, etc There are also fundamental objectives of State which are economic, social, educational, ethical, environmental, and cultural. Some of the fundamental economic and social objectives of the Nigerian state include the following: a) To harness the resources of the nation and promote national prosperity and an efficient, dynamic and self rel iant economy; b) To ensure that suitable and adequate shelter, suitable and adequate food, reasonable national minimum living wage, old age care and pensions, and unemployment, sick benefits and welfare of the disabled are provided for all citizens; c) To review from time to time, the ownership and control of business enterprises operating in Nigeria and make recommendations to the President on same; d) To ensure that all citizens without discrimination on any group whatsoever, have the opportunity for securing adequate means of livelihood as well as adequate opportunity to secure suitable employment; e) To ensure that conditions of work are just and humane, and that there are adequate facilities for leisure and for social, religious and cultural life; f) To ensure that health, safety and welfare of all persons in employment are safeguarded and not endangered or abused; g) To ensure that there adequate medical and health facilities for all persons; h) To ensure that there is equal p ay for equal work without discrimination on account of sex, or on any other ground whatsoever; i) To ensure that children, young persons and the aged are protected against any exploitation whatsoever, and against moral and material neglect; etc. In its bid to accomplish the above stated objectives, the state passes laws and establishes institutions and agencies for the regulation of above and other objectives. These include: * The Trade Disputes Act * Trade Union Act * Labour Act * Minimum Wage Act * Pensions Act * Workmen’s’ Compensation Act * Productivity, Prices and Incomes Board * The National Directorate of Employment * National Pension Commission * The National Health Insurance Scheme * The National Provident Fund Management Board * National Labour Advisory Council * National Industrial Safety Council * National Manpower Board * National Council of the West African Examination Council * Nigerian Council for Management Development National Advisory Committee on th e Employment of Graduates and Professional Manpower * National Youth Service Corps Directorate * National Committee on Women and Development * ILO Committee of Experts on Social Security Relationship between Employers’ Organisations and the State The State and Employers’ organizations have a very good relationship in comparison with the role of state and the workers’ union. The areas where the relationship between the two is very visible include: Industrial Relations: The role of state in industrial relations (as the third actor) is supposed to be that of an unbiased umpire, however, it favours the employers more than the workers. State is usually dedicated to the protection of private property and minimizing disruptions to production and seeking the elimination of ‘threats’ to investments and investors, and to ‘ensure a buoyant economy’. The state cannot afford to be neutral in industrial matters, but can only favour employers’ associations for the attainment of these objectives. According to Edwards (1986) the state regulates relationship between employers and workers by determining the conditions on which labour power may be sold, and how the labour power is used by providing for compulsory union recognition and collective bargaining as a means of constraining management’s freedom to discipline workers. Legislations: Its two interests: employer and regulator do sometimes conflict and influence the kind of laws passed to regulate the three actors in industrial relations. It must be noted that most laws are geared to the protection of private property and favours management and investors. Health Safety at work: The state attempts to establish health and safety standards at the workplace (physical work space, lighting, noise levels, protective clothing, etc); To create ‘a favourable climate for investments’ by lowering corporate and production taxes, engage in periodic downward review o f import tariffs, keep a lid on wages and salaries, etc. Dispute Resolution: In its mediating role in conflict situations, the state is also biased toward the employers. It usually sets the limits within which the institutions and processes for mediation, conciliation and arbitration operates. When workers protest against some unilateral decision of employers, the state through legislation places conditions to be met, including balloting before going on strike. Political restrictions: State also passes legislation preventing unions from using their funds for political purposes, yet there is no corresponding stipulation for the employer. Representation/collaboration: The employers’ organizations are often represented in the above institutions and agencies of state listed above. Conclusion: From the above, it can be safely said that the state and employers’ organizations enjoy a symbiotic relationship, because according to Karl Marx and Engels as per Hyman (1975),  "the executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie†. While employers assist the state through payment of various forms of taxes and levies which keep the affairs of state running, the state protects the interests of the employers by creating and ensuring enabling and conducive environment to enable employers continue in business. References: Chris Obisi (2005): Substance of Employee Industrial and Labour Relations Yesufu T. M. (1981): The dynamics of Industrial Relations: the Nigerian experience Dafe Otobo (2000): Industrial Relations, theory and controversies.

The Medical And Social Model Essay - 1093 Words

This essay will examine the Medical and Social model and the factors that relate both models to equality and diversity. Furthermore, the essay will provide evidence on how these models could have an impact on a professional role. A model is a way of representing an idea which can be shown through types of expression. These being graphically, verbally and symbolically. The two main models associated with disability is the Medical and Social models. The authors Johnston Nahmad-Williams describe the models of disability as â€Å"The way we view the issues of including individuals with special needs or disabilities in schools and in society is underpinned by two main models, the ‘medical model’ and the ‘social model’, and their associated discourses.† Johnston,J, Nahmad-Williams, L. ( 2014). The website Edacuk describes Equality as being fair and equal to every member of society. â€Å"Equality is ensuring individuals or groups of individuals are treated fairly and equally and no less favourably, specific to their needs.† (Edacuk, 2015). Equality is giving every member of society an equal right to do as they would like within reason. In order to obtain equality every member of society should be treated to their individual needs. Diversity firstly shows that every individual person is different and secondly it shows that we should embrace the diverse individual nature of one another. Within the book Diversity and Complexity, Page describes Diversity as being a wonderous subject. â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedSocial Model And The Medical Model1577 Words   |  7 PagesIn today s society two models dominate, the social model and the medical model. Both are used to label those who have impairments. The social model focuses on fixing the society to fit in with impairments which was introduced alongside the disability movement. The 18th century otherwise knowns as the age of enlightenment saw the introduction of some although very primitive ideas of human science and what may cause impairments with this came the ideals that today may be argued to be held with credibilityRead MoreSocial Model And The Medical Model1559 Words   |  7 PagesCassie Bestwick There a ride range of different models, the two most prominent are the Social model and the Medical model. The Medical model is the model which places the blame on the person with the disability, instead of the stairs it would be the wheelchairs problem. 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I will also briefly examine the origins of both the medical and social models, but mainly outlining the contributions of their respective theoreticalRead MoreMedical and Social Models of Disability Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesIt could be said that in modern industrial society, Disability is still widely regarded as tragic individual failing, in which its â€Å"victims† require care, sympathy and medical diagnosis. Whilst medical science has served to improve and enhance the quality of life for many it could be argued that it has also led to further segregation and separation of many individuals. This could be caused by its insistence on labelling one as â€Å"sick†, â€Å"abnormal† or â€Å"mental†. Consequently, what this act of labellingRead MoreHealth and Social Care Issues: Social Model vs Medical Model Essay4587 Words   |  19 PagesPlease explore what is meant by the terms social model and medical model. Describe an aspect of sociological theory and explore how it impacts and influences the delivery of Health and Social Care. In this essay, the terms social model and medical model will be explored. Then, aspects of sociological theory and how it influences the delivery of health and social care will be explored Health is difficult to define but fairly easy to spot when we actually see it. According to the World HealthRead MoreFuture of Skilled Nursing Facilities: Medical Model vs. Social Model4855 Words   |  20 Pagesour family. She had always been the caregiver in the family, now she was the one in need of care. I was very involved in her care during the last 10 years of her life. However, I was more involved in her quality-of-life efforts as oppose to her medical care. I remember on some days she would be so sad. She would always tell me that because she required so much assistance from my aunt and other relatives, she was made to feel as if she was burden to them. She would sometimes talk about going toRead More3.3 Explain the Social and Medical Models of Disability and the Impact of Each on Practice.998 Words   |  4 PagesSocial models and medical models of disability By labelling a child because of there disability can prevent us as seeing the child as a whole person like their gender, culture and social background the medical models is a traditional view of disability and that through medical intervention the person can be cured where in fact in most cases there is no cure. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society. The social model of disability looks at ways to address issues to enable people

Hip Hop A Cultural And Artistic Phenomenon - 868 Words

Over the past years, According to Aldridge Derrick Hip Hop has developed as a cultural and artistic phenomenon affecting youth culture around the world. For many youth, Hip Hop reflects the social, economic, political and cultural realities and conditions of their lives, speaking to them in a language and manner they understand. Defining the Hip Hop trend is not an easy task, trends are in essence very complex mechanisms that mirror changes in the economic and political landscapes. The Hip-Hop new trends, is a trend that isn’t genuinely taken as serious as it should be. This trend is very important but is only look at as the African American way to be free. People only think this trend isn’t important because it only focus on one race. It was once said that African American use Hip-Hop as their news. When it comes to the Hip-Hop news trend there are a lot of issues that are not talked about. Hip Hop must be taken seriously as a cultural political, economic and intellectual phenomenon deserving scholarly study, similar to previous African American artistic and cultural. Let’s start off with one of the main issue that is the most important police brutality. Police brutality is a crime that has been surfacing the news recently. Some people are just now realizing that these injustices against the black community really occur, while other are well aware. However, the injustice towards the African Americans mainly target black males. According to Akilanh Thomas statisticsShow MoreRelated A Violent Message in the Art of Popular Culture Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesPresently, music in popular culture is defined as something real and tangible that generates the essence of culture or ethnicity. This paper will concentrate on rap and hip hop because many people confuse the music with the culture. People embrace the music, but defend the culture as being influenced by the music. 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Traveling free essay sample

Every day hundreds of people travel from one place to another. They travel to work, to school, or on business. Many people travel for pleasure and traveling has recently become one of the most popular hobbies. Traveling is also an interesting way of spending holidays. In every season of the year the airports, railway stations, seaports, and bus stops are full of people traveling for long or short distances. PLANE When people travel a long distance they usually travel by air. Travelling by air is exciting, fast, comfortable, relatively safe but rather expensive. In the 20th century it became one of the most important means of transport. It takes nearly 6 hours by plane to get from the western to the eastern coast of the U. S. A. There are several American Airlines, all of them private. They include the most popular and biggest airline companies such as the Pan American, Delta When people choose to travel by plane they usually go or phone to the airlines or travel agency to get information about flights. We will write a custom essay sample on Traveling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the airport the passengers traveling with international or intercontinental airlines have to show their flight tickets and passports. An official weight their luggage can take only 20 kg. The passengers must also go through the customs. Then the passengers can go to the waiting room. In the plane the stewardess shows them their seats. Before the aircraft moves, the notices flash up „Fasten Your Safety Belts† and „No Smoking†. During the flight the stewardess offers the passengers some meals, drinks, cigarettes and sweets. The passengers can also read magazines. TRAIN Traveling by train is the most common form of travelling. In our country trains are used daily by many people to and from work or school. They are cheap, less polluting, safe but not very clean and comfortable. Fast trains are more comfortable for longer distances. They do not stop at every station. There are also a sleeping car and the dinning car in fast trains. Coaches are buses for long distance travelling. They are fast, comfortable and the prices of tickets are quit reasonable. During holidays the travel agencies offer many coach trips to the mountains or seaside resorts. CAR Many people sat, that car is the most comfortable mean of travelling and seeing places. Others think it is just a necessity because it is quicker than public transport. But for many people motoring is a pleasure. They enjoy driving a car at a high speed and do not think of the dangers of fast driving. The cars are comfortable and quick, but they are not safe and are rather expensive. In spite of that the number of cars on our roads and highways grows higher and higher every year. The growing number of cars is a danger not only for people but also for environment of the country. BIKE Many young people of all countries of the world like travelling by bike. Some go to school by bike; others prefer cycling as a sport or a hobby. In recent years many young people go for holiday trips by bike which is healthy and exciting. This type of travelling depend much on weather and therefore summer is the best season for cycling tours.

The Endocrine Regulation of Calcium Balance an Example of the Topic Education and science by

The Endocrine Regulation of Calcium Balance Definition of terms in this essay Need essay sample on "The Endocrine Regulation of Calcium Balance" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Calcium balance deals with the regulation of a bodys calcium levels in order to maintain homeostasis. A disruption of this process results in either hypo- or hypercalcemia. Teleost fishes are fishes belonging to teleostei. These bony fishes have movable jaws. This makes them able to extend their mouth while preying. They also have symmetrical or homocercal tails. Amphibians are vertebrate animals that are ectothermic, non amniotic and that respire through their skin. They are usually aquatic during their larval stage but become terrestrial during adulthood. The endocrine system is a system theat deals with the use of hormones produced by glands in the regulation of bodily functions and processes. Endocrine regulation of calcium balance There are several hormones that take part in the endocrine regulation of calcium balance. However, due to morphological differences, the endocrine process of regulating calcium is different between amphibians and teleost fishes. Hypercalcaemic hormones Hypercalcaemic hormones are hormones that increase the calcium levels in the plasma by liberating those in the bone. Parathyroid glands can be found in most amphibians; especially with the anurans. The parathyroid hormone found in amphibians is usually hypercalcaemic, Studies have shown that parathyroid hormone liberates Calcium ions from the bone, increasing the calcium levels in the blood. (YOSHIDA & R. V.TALMAGE, 1962) The removal of the parathyroid gland (Parathyroidectomy) results in a significant decrease of blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone works by increasing the production of osteoclases, which are the cause of mobilization bone calcium. (STIFFLER, 1993) Teleost fish lack parathyroid glands. It has been found out however that the pituitary glands of fishes make up for the loss of the parathyroid hormone by excreting other hypercalcaemic hormones like Prolactin (PRL) and Somalactin (SL). (KANEKO & HIRANO, 1993)The removal of the pituitary gland induces hypocacaemia in fishes. (PANG, K.SCHREIBMAN, M. P., & YOGURO, 1975) The use of mammalin Prolactin increased the calcium level of calcium deficient killifish whose pituitary has been removed. (WENDELAAR BONGA & PANG, 1989)Studies in eels have determined that prolactin secretion does not depend on ambient calium levels but on the osmolality or sodium levels of the environment(SUZUKI, KANEKO, & HIRANO, 1991).Prolactin also has the same effect in aquatic amphibians. In fact, aquatic amphibians may rely more on porlactin than o the parathyroid hormone as evidenced by the lack of the parathyroid gland in urodeles. Somalactin is another pituitary hormone that closely resembles the structure of the growth hormobne as well as prolactin. The glycosylation status of SLs reflects the presence or absence of periodic acidSchiff (PAS)-positive cells of the pars intermedia (PIPAS cells) in the pituitary. This means that PIPAS cells canm be used as indicators in measuring the effect of somalactin. However, studies that have measured the hyperglycaemic properties of PIPAS cells are inconclusive as the relation with somalactin is indirect. (KANEKO & HIRANO, 1993) Hypocalcaemic hormones Hypocalcamic hormones are the inverse of hypercalcaemic ones, they lower calcium levels by inducing storage into the bones. The main hypoglycaemic hormone in amphibians is Calcitonin. It is produced in the ultimobranchial glands of the amphibian. It is the main hypoglycaemic hormone in mammals and other vertebrates. In amphibians, studies involving the removal of the ultimobranchial branch show that it leads to an increase in calcium levels while the subsequent application of calcitonin extracts significantly lowers the blood calcium content. (STIFFLER, 1993) Calcitonin is also secreted by fishes from their own ultimobranchial body. However, incestigations unto the hypocalcaemic properties of calcitonin in fishes have failed to produce tangible and unequivocal results. The known hypocalcaemic hormone in fishes is those produced by the corpuscles of Stannius. They are unique to teleostean and holostean fishes. Studies have shown that their removal induces hypercalcaemia. (FONTAINE, 1964)The main substance produced by the corpuscles, stanniocalcin, is regarded as the primary hypocalcaemic hormone in fishes. (WENDELAAR BONGA & PANG, 1991) References FONTAINE, M. (1964). Corpuscles de Stannius et rgulation ionique (Ca, K, Na) du milieu intrieur de languille (Anguilla anguilla L.). C. R. hebd. Sanc. Acad. Sci.(259), 875-878. PANG, P. K. T., K.SCHREIBMAN, R., M. P., S., & YOGURO, C. (1975). Effects of parathyroidectomy on calcium and sodium concentrations of serum and coelomic fluid in bullfrog tadpoles. J. exp. Zool., 192, 293-298. STIFFLER, D. F. (1993). AMPHIBIAN CALCIUM METABOLISM. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA. SUZUKI, R., KANEKO, T., 153. WENDELAAR BONGA, S. E., & PANG, P. K. T. (1989). Pituitary hormones. In Vertebrate Endocrinology: Fundamentals and Biochemical Implications (Vol. 3): San Diego: Academic Press. WENDELAAR BONGA, S. E., 213. YOSHIDA, R., 557.

Profile of Panama for Spanish Students

Profile of Panama for Spanish Students Introduction: Panama historically has had closer ties with the United States than any country in Latin America other than Mexico. The country is known best, of course, for the Panama Canal, which the United States built for both military and trade purposes at the start of the 20th century. The United States maintained sovereignty over parts of Panama until 1999. Vital Statistics: Panama covers an area of 78,200 square kilometers. It had a population of 3 million at the end of 2003 and a growth rate of 1.36 percent (July 2003 estimate). The life expectancy at birth is 72 years. The literacy rate is about 93 percent. The countrys gross domestic product is about $6,000 per person, and a little more than a third of the people live in poverty. The unemployment rate was 16 percent in 2002. Main industries are the Panama Canal and international banking. Linguistic Highlights: Spanish is the official language. About 14 percent speak a creole form of English, and many residents are bilingual in Spanish and English. About 7 percent speak indigenous languages, the largest of them being Ngberre. There are also pockets of Arabic and Chinese speakers. Studying Spanish in Panama: Panama has several small language schools, most of them in Panama City. Most of the schools offer home stays, and costs tend to be low. Tourist Attractions: The Panama Canal is on most visitors must-see list, but those coming for extended stays can find a wide variety of destinations. They include beaches on both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, Darien National Park and cosmopolitan Panama City. Trivia: Panama was the first Latin American country to adopt the U.S. currency as its own. Technically, the balboa is the official currency, but U.S. bills are used for paper money. Panamanian coins are used, however. History: Before the Spanish arrived, what is now Panama was populated by 500,000 or more people from dozens of groups. The largest group was the Cuna, whose earliest origins are unknown. Other major groups included the Guaymà ­ and the Chocà ³. The first Spaniard in the area was Rodrigo de Bastidas, who explored the Atlantic coast in 1501. Christopher Columbus visited in 1502. Both conquest and disease reduced the indigenous population. In 1821 the area was a province of Colombia when Colombia declared its independence from Spain. Building a canal across Panama had been considered as early as the mid 16th century, and in 1880 the French tried - but the attempt ended in the death of some 22,000 workers from yellow fever and malaria. Panamanian revolutionaries secured Panamas independence from Colombia in 1903 with military support from the United States, which quickly negotiated the rights to build a canal and exercise sovereignty over land on both sides. The U.S. started construction of the canal in 1904 and finished the greatest engineering achievement of its time  in 10 years. Relations between the U.S. and Panama in coming decades were strained, largely due to popular Panamanian bitterness over the prominent role of the U.S. In 1977, despite controversies and political snags in both the U.S. and Panama, the countries negotiated an agreement turning over the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century. In 1989, U.S. President George H.W. Bush sent U.S. troops to Panama to oust and capture Panamanian President Manuel Noriega. He was forcefully brought to the United States, put on trial for drug trafficking and other crimes, and imprisoned.   The treaty turning over the canal was not fully accepted by many political conservatives in the United States. When a ceremony was held in Panama in 1999 to formally turn over the canal, no senior U.S. officials attended.

Issue 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issue 4 - Assignment Example Robert Ramsey, an author, illustrates that embracing the religious perspectives of employees, can result to the never ending unnecessary requests by employees that results to decreased productivity and profitability. The author stresses that business organizations should always keep their interests and objectives top priority, without diverging to non-core activities like allowing employees to wear faith symbols (Susan, 2012). The current workplace is greatly diversified, mainly due to the concept of globalization. This illustrates rich mosaic or integration of staffs from very different religious affiliations. Majority of the multinationals have employees who are Buddhists, Muslims, Jews, Christians and Hindus. International employment laws existing currently prohibit religious discrimination at the employment place. A major workplace dilemma for human resource managers presently is if employees should be given the chance to religious and other external symbols (Rao, 2013). The Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM) during 2008 explained that 64% of the companies under study have diverse religious workforce. This shows that a great number of employees are religiously diverse, due to immigrants from different world faiths. Demographic experts illustrate that people and hence employees from other faiths like Buddhists, Islam and Hindus, continuously increase with a likely effect of turning the protest ant faith look like the minority. Supporters of the workplace faith diversity explain that it is unfair for managers to expect the employees to ignore religious expressions and values during work. Organizations can effectively accept the diversity and ethnicity of their staffs, through adequate acknowledgement and understanding of their faith. Majority of the leading multinationals have adopted religion-friendly methods of operation. Companies like Ford Motors and also Coca Cola have given employees

Vipassana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vipassana - Essay Example In 528 BCE, after his enlightenment, the Buddha spent the 45 years of his life that remained teaching on the way out of suffering. Vipassana symbolizes the most vital part of his teachings. For 5 centuries, millions of people in the Buddha’s homeland- India were helped by Vipassana. However, after around 500 years, the practice had vanished from India. Luckily, an uninterrupted chain of meditation teachers in the neighboring country of Burma maintained it until the present day. In recent times, the practice of Vipassana has been to India and to individuals worldwide. This has been done by a retired industrialist named S. N. Goenka. He is of Indian heritage but was born in Burma. Mr. Goenka was taught the technique of Vipassana by Sayagyi U Ba Khin. U Ba Khin was a famous lay Vipassana teacher and was the first one to teach westerners in English. In 1969, Goenka was appointed by U Ba Khin to teach Vipassana (Hart, 1987). Vipassana is translated to mean ‘insight’. It utilizes awareness to take note of all details of our physical as well as mental experiences from time to time with an attitude that is without bias. There are three methods of practicing Vipassana. The main focus of all three is on breathing and the difference is the points on which attention is focused when breathing. The first method involves watching the belly. The belly is regarded as the location where the Hara center is. The Hara is a point of awareness that is regarded as the center of one’s subtle body. It is found just behind and below the navel. One can easily achieve a meditative state of mind by focusing their attention on the Hara center (Catherine, 2011). The second method is watching the coolness in the nostril. When the air enters an individual’s body through the nostril, it creates a little coolness that is soothing. This method involves focusing one’s attention on this

The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries Research Paper

The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries - Research Paper Example The IMF is tasked with the role of assisting nations suffice their budgets or invest in areas that positively influence the social welfare or the economy of a country. Most of the support activities that IMF undertakes are backed by global policies. An example is the IMF helps less developed nation to improve health care, education and security which is in line with the United Nations Millennium Development goals. Another reason why the IMF helps poor nation is to stabilize nations in economic and social terms. A debt ridden country has a high probability of social disorder, thus more economic failures (Ghosh, Zalduendo, Thomas, Ramakrishnan, Kim &Joshi 2008). Globalization has ensured that all nations are interlinked economically, thus, failure of an economy to meet its obligations can impact on the global economy, which might lead to a crisis. Despite the fact that the IMF is tasked to issue loans to member countries, there are several conditions that must be met as part of eligibility criteria. First, a country is supposed to design a program that is supposed to address the problem that has made it resort to the IMF for assistance (IMF Factsheet). Before the IMF considers a loan, country must identify the causes of the deficit and the strategies that are in place to mitigate the situation. In deficits situations, the IMF holds that countries should engage in activities that try to resolve the deficit since it affects other economies of the world. Second, the International Monetary Fund should be allowed to assess the programs that are under its support. This is meant to ensure that funds are channeled to the intended functions. Moreover, the process also ensures that the intended benefits are realized. The assessment programs are mostly conducted in less developed nations due to inefficiencies, misappropriation and also embezzlement of funds by few individuals. The institution employs structural benchmarks that are meant to protect IMF interests in the

Stonehenge :: essays research papers

I. On Salisbury Plain in Southern England stands Stonehenge, the most famous of all megalithic sites. Stonehenge is unique among the monuments of the ancient world. Isolated on a windswept plain, built by a people with no written language, Stonehenge challenges our imagination. The impressive stone circle stands near the top of a gently sloping hill on Salisbury Plain about thirty miles from the English Channel. The stones are visible over the hills for a mile or two in every direction. Stonehenge is one of over fifty thousand prehistoric "megalithics" in Europe. As Stonehenge is approached, the forty giant stones seem to touch the sky. Most of the stones stand twenty-four or more feet high. Some stones weigh as much as forty tons. Others are smaller, weighing only five tons. At first glance, the stones may seem to be a natural formation. But a closer look shows that only human imagination and determination could have created Stonehenge. II. The Stonehenge today looks quite different from the Stonehenge of old. Wind and weather have destroyed a little of Stonehenge over the ages. People have destroyed much more. Today, less than half of the original stones still stand as their builders planned. Many of the once upright stones lie on their sides. Religious fanatics, who felt threatened by the mysteries posed by Stonehenge, knocked over many of the standing stones. They toppled some of the huge stones, which then split into pieces; they buried others. Other stones were "quarried" over the centuries as free building material and hauled away. Even into this century, visitors have come with hammers to carry away a chip of stone with them. III. Only in recent years have the stones been protected from the huge amounts of people that see them every year. No longer can anyone roam among the stones. Too much damage, intentional or not, has been done by the hundreds of thousands of visitors. Today, tourists are even prevented from walking between the stones for fear that the millions of footsteps every year might make the stones unstable. IV. The twelfth-century English writer and historian, Geoffrey of Monmouth, first recorded Merlin's building of Stonehenge in his famous book History of the Kings of Britain. Geoffrey claimed that his book was a translation of "a certain very ancient book written in the British language." However, no other scholar or historian knows of the existence of such a book. According to Geoffrey, the great stones were brought from Ireland to England to mark the burial place of a group of slain British princes.

The Ka and Molar Mass of a Monoprotic Weak Acid

The Ka and Molar Mass of a Monoprotic Weak Acid Chemistry Lab 152 Professor: James Giles November 7, 2012 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the pKa, Ka, and molar mass of an unknown acid (#14). The pKa was found to be 3. 88, the Ka was found to be 1. 318 x 10 -4, and the molar mass was found to be 171. 9 g/mol. Introduction Acids differ considerable as to their strength. The difference between weak and strong acids can be as much as 10 orders of magnitude.Strong acids dissociate more completely than weak acids, meaning they produce higher concentrations of the conjugate base anion (A-) and the hydronium cation (H30+) in solution. HA(aq) + H20 (( A- + H3O+ With the following formula the degree to which an acid dissociates (Ka) can be calculated and given a numerical value. Ka = [A-][H3O+] / [HA] Ka is the conventional way of measuring an acid’s strength. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the Ka of an unknown acid, along with its pKa and mol ar mass. Experimental The unknown acid for this experiment was #14.The experiment began with the preparation and standardization of NaOH solution. It was calculated that 2. 00 grams of NaOH pellets were needed to prepare 0. 5 L of 0. 1 M NaOH solution. The solution was then standardized by conducting three titration trials. It was calculated that 0. 7148 grams of KHP were necessary to neutralize 35 mL of the 0. 1 M NaOH. Three samples of KHP were weighed approximating this number (Table 1). Each sample was mixed with 40 mL of deionized water and 2 drops of phenolphthalein in 3 Erlenmeyer flasks. Each flask was then titrated with the NaOH to a light pink endpoint.The volumes of NaOH were recorded, averaged, and the standardized. The molarity of the NaOH was found to be 0. 0981. Assuming a molar mass of 100 g/mol, it was calculated that 0. 3930 g of acid was needed to neutralize 40 mL of the standardized NaOH solution. This amount was weighed out on an electronic balance to full preci sion and added to a clean 250 mL beaker. The acid was first diluted with 10 mL of isopropanol and then 90 mL of water. A pH meter was immersed in the acid solution and an initial pH reading of 2. 61 was recorded.A buret filled with the NaOH solution was incrementally added to the acid solution and the changing pH values were recorded (Table 2). As the pH meter approached the equivalence point the amount of NaOH added each time was reduced. As the Table 2 shows, the pH rose significantly with the addition of little NaOH over this interval. This information was plotted using Graphical Analysis producing a titration curve graph of pH vs. NaOH (Graph 1). Additional calculations and graphs were produced to help identify the equivalence point: ? pH/? V vs. NaOH (Graph 2) and Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH (Graph 3) Tables and CalculationsPreparation of 500 mL of 0. 1 M NaOH M = moles / volume 0. 1 M NaOH = moles NaOH / 0. 5 L H20 = 0. 05 moles NaOH 0. 05 moles NaOH x 39. 986 g/mol NaOH = 1. 99 g NaOH Preparation of KHP 0. 1 M NaOH = moles NaOH / 0. 035 mL NaOH = . 0035 moles NaOH 0. 0035 moles KHP x 204. 233 g/mole KHP = 0. 7148 g KHP Table 1: NaOH Titration Trials |Trial |KHP |NaOH (to titrate to endpoint) | | |(grams) |(mL) | |1 |0. 7159 |35. 75 | |2 |0. 7147 |35. 65 | |3 |0. 7149 |35. | | | | Avg. 35. 66 | Standardization of NaOH 0. 0035 moles NaOH / . 03566 mL NaOH = 0. 0981 M NaOH Table 2: pH vs. NaOH Values |NaOH |pH |NaOH |pH |NaOH |pH |NaOH |pH | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | | |0 |2. 61 |19. 2 |4. 54 |22. 15 |6. 56 |25. 4 |9. 74 | |2 |2. 94 |19. 4 |4. 58 |22. 2 |6. 2 |25. 9 |9. 82 | |4 |3. 18 |19. 6 |4. 61 |22. 25 |6. 87 |26. 4 |9. 96 | |5 |3. 3 |19. 8 |4. 65 |22. 3 |6. 98 |26. 9 |10. 02 | |6 |3. 4 |20 |4. 68 |22. 35 |7. 06 |27. 4 |10. 11 | |7 |3. 49 |20. 2 |4. 72 |22. 4 |7. 14 |28. 4 |10. 21 | |8 |3. 58 |20. 4 |4. 77 |22. 5 |7. 24 |29. 4 |10. 1 | |9 |3. 66 |20. 6 |4. 84 |22. 6 |7. 44 |31. 4 |10. 46 | |10 |3. 73 |20. 8 |4. 88 |22. 7 |7. 58 |33. 4 |10. 58 | |11 | 3. 88 |21 |4. 94 |22. 8 |7. 73 |35. 4 |10. 67 | |12 |3. 91 |21. 2 |5. 02 |22. 9 |7. 89 |36. 4 |10. 75 | |13 |3. 97 |21. 4 |5. 11 |23 |8. 03 |39. 4 |10. 87 | |14 |4. 04 |21. |5. 25 |23. 1 |8. 17 |42. 4 |10. 96 | |15 |4. 11 |21. 7 |5. 32 |23. 2 |8. 38 |44. 4 |11. 02 | |16 |4. 19 |21. 8 |5. 45 |23. 3 |8. 51 | | | |16. 5 |4. 24 |21. 85 |5. 52 |23. 4 |8. 65 | | | |17 |4. 29 |21. 9 |5. 62 |23. 6 |8. 92 | | | |17. 5 |4. 34 |21. 95 |5. 71 |23. 8 |9. 9 | | | |18 |4. 4 |22 |5. 86 |24. 1 |9. 27 | | | |18. 5 |4. 45 |22. 05 |6. 1 |24. 4 |9. 39 | | | |19 |4. 52 |22. 1 |6. 4 |24. 9 |9. 62 | | | Graph 1: pH vs. NaOH Titration Curve [pic] Estimated volume of NaOH at equivalence point based on titration curve: 22. 30 mL NaOH. Table 3: ? pH/? V vs. NaOH Values |NaOH |? pH/? V |NaOH |? pH/? V |NaOH |? pH/?V |NaOH |? pH/? V | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | |(mL) | | |2 |0. 12 |19. 2 |0. 2 |22. 1 |3. 2 |24. 4 |0. 46 | |4 |0. 12 |19. 4 |0. 15 |22. 15 |3. 2 |24. 9 |0. 24 | |5 |0. 1 |19. 6 |0. 2 |22. 2 |3 |25. 4 | 0. 16 | |6 |0. 09 |19. 8 |0. 15 |22. 25 |2. 2 |25. 9 |0. 28 | |7 |0. 9 |20 |0. 2 |22. 3 |1. 6 |26. 4 |0. 12 | |8 |0. 08 |20. 2 |0. 2 |22. 35 |1. 6 |26. 9 |0. 18 | |9 |0. 07 |20. 4 |0. 35 |22. 4 |1 |27. 4 |0. 1 | |10 |0. 15 |20. 6 |0. 2 |22. 5 |2 |28. 4 |0. 1 | |11 |0. 03 |20. 8 |0. 3 |22. 6 |1. 4 |29. 4 |0. 075 | |12 |0. 06 |21 |0. |22. 7 |1. 5 |31. 4 |0. 06 | |13 |0. 07 |21. 2 |0. 45 |22. 8 |1. 6 |33. 4 |0. 045 | |14 |0. 07 |21. 4 |0. 7 |22. 9 |0. 1 |35. 4 |0. 08 | |15 |0. 08 |21. 6 |0. 7 |23 |1. 4 |36. 4 |0. 04 | |16 |0. 1 |21. 7 |1. 3 |23. 1 |2. 1 |39. 4 |0. 03 | |16. 5 |0. 1 |21. 8 |1. 4 |23. 2 |1. |42. 4 |0. 03 | |17 |0. 1 |21. 85 |2 |23. 3 |1. 4 | | | |17. 5 |0. 12 |21. 9 |1. 8 |23. 4 |1. 35 | | | |18 |0. 1 |21. 95 |3 |23. 6 |0. 85 | | | |18. 5 |0. 14 |22 |4. 8 |23. 8 |0. 3 | | | |19 |0. 1 |22. 05 |6 |24. 1 |0. 4 | | |Graph 2: ? pH/? V vs. NaOH [pic] Estimated volume of NaOH at equivalence point based on ? pH/? V vs. NaOH graph: 22. 30 mL NaOH. Table 4: Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH Values |NaOH |Vtotal x 10-ph |NaOH |Vtotal x 10-ph | |(mL) | |(mL) | | |19. 8 |0. 000443 |21. 6 |0. 000121 | |20 |0. 000417 |21. 7 |0. 000104 | |20. 2 |0. 000385 |21. 8 |7. 70E-05 | |20. 4 |0. 000346 |21. 85 |6. 60E-05 | |20. 6 |0. 000298 |21. 9 |5. 0E-05 | |20. 8 |0. 000274 |21. 95 |4. 30E-05 | |21 |0. 000241 |22 |3. 00E-05 | |21. 2 |0. 000202 |22. 05 |1. 80E-05 | |21. 4 |0. 000166 | | | Graph 3: Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH [pic] Estimated volume NaOH at equivalence point based on Vtotal x 10-ph vs. NaOH graph: 22. 20 mL NaOH Calculating Ka of Unknown Acid pH at ? equivalence point volume: 3. 88 Ka = 10 -3. 88 = 1. 318 x 10 -4 Ka = 1. 318 x 10-4 Calculating the Molar Mass of the Unknown Acid 0. 0981 M NaOH = moles acid / . 02330 L NaOH = 0. 023 moles acid 0. 3930 g acid / 0. 0023 moles acid = 171. 9 g/mol Analysis of Error There is a high degree of agreement among the 3 graphs and therefore a low degree of error in this experiment. According to the Graphical Analysis program, Graphs 1 and 2 indicated that the total volume of NaOH at the equivalence point was 22. 30 mL. Graph 3 indicated a volume of 22. 20 mL, a difference of 0. 1 mL. Discussion Based upon the range of possible values for Ka, anywhere from 3. 2 x 109 for Hydroiodic acid (one of the strongest) to 5. 8 x 10-10 for Boric acid (one of the weakest), this experiment’s unknown acid solution (Ka = 1. 18 x 10-4) falls roughly in the lower quarter of strength. This estimate fits its titration curve. In general, strong acids quickly go from a very low pH to a very high pH, e. g. , 2 to 12, while weak acids quickly go from a lower pH to a higher pH, e. g. , 6 to 10. The unknown solution for this experiment jump from 5 to 10 pH, which is consistent with a Ka of 1. 318 x 10-4 and a weaker acid. References Darrell D. Ebbing and Steven D Gammon, General Chemistry, 9th ed. Cengage Learning: Ohio, 2009. Department of Physical Science—Chemistry, Mesa Community College. The Ka and Molar Mass of a Monop rotic Weak Acid (handout).

The Threat Of Cyber Security - 4382 Words

Internet use has skyrocketed since 2000 to over 2.4 billion users worldwide, with 70% of those users logging on every day (The Culturist, 2013).These days it takes merely minutes for news to travel around the globe. Our airwaves are filled with tiny nuggets of information whooshing past us undetected; that is, until it is detected. In the 21st century, cyber security is an international issue. The threat of cyber warfare is very real and would be devastating beyond any conventional weapon imaginable. With the entire globe becoming more interconnected, an attack on online infrastructure could ground airplanes, control information access, hijack nuclear facilities, and perhaps most terrifyingly, bring the global economy to a†¦show more content†¦From 1997 to 2012, households with internet grew from 18% to 74.8%, where 94.8% of households with computers use it to connect to the interne (U.S. Census. 2014). Computers are not the only source of hardware connection to the inte rnet. Other hardware such as gaming consoles, smart phones, laptops, and tablets are also connecting to the internet as well. Smart phone use for internet connectivity is popular among all age groups 25 and older with 45.3% usage. Among the heaviest users were age groups 25-34 at 88.1% (U.S. Census. 2014). With the growing use of the internet, the nation depends on a safe and stable cyberspace infrastructure for economic prosperity and more importantly, national security. Cyber security: What is it and why is it important? Cyber security generally refers to computer security or IT Security and is applicable to computers, smartphones, the internet and public/private computer networks. ?The field covers all the processes and mechanisms by which computer-based equipment, information and services are protected from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction, [? and] natural disasters (Computer Security). The National Institute on Standards and Technology issued a forty-one page report on cyber security that outlines a frame work for organizations to recognize and defend against threats. The report provides a frame work that has five functions that go with a set ofShow MoreRelatedCyber Security And Cyber Threats Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen confronting issues of cyber-attacks to such an extent that majority of the patients feel every moment that they are at great risk and thus their treatment processes suffer a lot.(Hacking Healthcare IT in 2016) The small sized clinics do not have many resources to enhance their information security systems. Even the large sized enterprises are vulnerable to the cyber threats. The White House had declared that it would increase opportunities to tackle the cyber threats in every sphere, but the moreRead MoreCyber Security And The Cyber Threat763 Words   |  4 Pagesdeal with the impact of the cyber-threat. 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